Analysis Of The Movie Holden Talks With Mr. Spencer Essay

Analysis: This quote is from the part when Holden talks with Mr. Spencer. Since Holden failing all his classes except one, Mr. Spencer is advising Holden about the importance and the impact of his actions in his life. Holden’s perception of adults is depicted when he curses Mr. Spencer in his mind. By nodding silently to Mr. Spencer’s words, Holden actually disrespects adults. We can easily perceive that Holden feels alienated when Mr. Spencer tells him that he is one of those people on â€Å"the other side†. Even though Holden is said to be from a well-raised New York family, his actions do not exhibit any signs of indication that he is from a well-raised family. The actions of Holden reflect upon Salinger s being that he lived an isolated life and viewed the society as lifeless. Analysis: By portraying divergent personalities of fame, Holden, unlike his brother, does not like the glory and stardom of the outside world. Furthermore, Holden describes his brother as a prostitute meaning that he traded himself for the glamorous world out there. J.D. Salinger depicted his desolation from the society and his reserved personality through Holden Caulfield in â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†. Analysis: In this quote, we see Holden’s fun and sociable character when he has dinner with his friends. But, ironically, J.D. Salinger did not like the social world out there. After his works became popular, he moved to a desolated area to stay away from all his fans. If Salinger’s purpose was toShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of The Catcher Rye 1763 Words   |  8 Pages150 Whetstine Literary Analysis The Catcher in the Rye Catcher in the Rye starts with the main character Holden Caulfield telling us about his life. It seems that Holden is a very troubled individual that is having problems dealing with the past and perhaps the prospect of growing up. He wants to talk but not sure anyone cares to listen. He eludes to the fact that he is in an institution of sorts in California getting help and some much needed rest. He talks briefly about his olderRead MoreHolden Caulfield Is The Narrator1845 Words   |  8 Pagesand 2 Holden Caulfield is the narrator. Holden was kicked out of his school, Pencey Prep, due to scanty grades. The reader’s are taken back to his last day at the school. It was Saturday, which meant game day for Pencey Prep. They were playing their rivals, Saxon Hall. Instead of being down at the game like every other student, Holden went to visit old Spencer. Mr. Spencer was Holden’s history teacher who had an idea that Holden would not be returning next semester. Spencer and Holden had aRead MoreHolden Caulfield Character Analysis Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pages In â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† by J.D. Salinger, the main character Holden Caulfield is a nervous and unhappy dropout. After being kicked out of his prestigious high school, he goes to New York City and roams the streets for three days searching for both innocence and adulthood. While he holds a hatred for â€Å"phonies†, people he sees as fakes or cheats, he himself can be portrayed as a ph ony. Holden admires certain qualities in a person. He likes people who are honest, intelligent and open. He alsoRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesignited innovation in existing companies, such as Procter Gamble’s A. G. Lafley, eBay’s Meg Whitman, and Bain Company’s Orit Gadiesh. Some entrepreneurs’ companies that we studied were successful and well known; some were not (for example, Movie Mouth, Cow-Pie Clocks, Terra Nova BioSystems). But all offered a surprising and unique value proposition relative to incumbents. For example, each offered new or different features, pricing, convenience, or customizability compared to their competitionRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesof systematic study. Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB. Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB. Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts. Compare the three levels of analysis in this book’s OB model. 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For instance, a self-valuation done by a target firm in a takeover is likely to be positively biased. While this does not make the valuation worthless, it suggests that the analysis should be viewed with skepticism. The Biases in Equity Research The lines between equity research and salesmanship blur most in periods that are characterized by â€Å"irrational exuberance†. In the late 1990s, the extraordinary surge of market values

Essay on Chinese Business Etiquette-Free-Samples for Students

Question: You are to prepare a formal analytical essay of strictly on Chinese business etiquette and steps that Mary can use to make a favourable first impression when she visits China to meet with Mr. Lau. You will need to provide some research grounded. Answer: When any of the business expands to the international country, one of the major factors that act as the challenge for the business is culture. Different countries have different culture and thus these culture acts as the base for the business environment and the way the business runs in the countries. Culture can be defined as the set of values, attitude and beliefs of the people that are taught because of the society and the other people in the group (Kinloch and Metge, 2014). This is the essay that examines the efforts that needs to be made by Mary in order to meet the Chinese business man. This is because she belongs to Australia and wants to expand her business in China. As there are many cultural differences thus it is required to analyse the same and behave accordingly in order to make the deals successful. Culture of any of the place can easily be identified by hofstede cultural dimension. It is the tool that involves various aspects in which the place or the country is being scored and the cultural dimension are being analysed. It is the best tool to compare the culture of the two countries and also helps in making the business strategies as per the different culture. In this case, China is the country whose dimension needs to be analysed. The first dimension of this tool is power distance (Kreuz and Roberts, 2017). It is the dimension that deals with the fact that the individuals in the society are not equal. This is the dimension that talks about the attitude of the culture towards the inequalities that are present in the society. As far as China is considered, it has been analysed that the scoring of China is 80in this context. This suggests that the people in China accept the power distance and the inequalities between the subordinates and the superiors. Australia is very differen t from china because Australia scores 30 in the same (Zhao and Tam, 2015). Mary has to develop the understanding of this culture of China and their businessmen and approach accordingly. The next dimension is about individualism. It is the factor that describes about the degree of the interdependence the people have on each other in the society. The societies with individualistic nature believe in looking after themselves and their close family while the people with collectivist nature have opposite agenda and beliefs. China is the country having the score 20 in this which makes it highly collectivist in nature. On the other hand, with the score of 90, Australia is the country with highly individualistic thinking. Here also, the dimension clashes between Australia and China thus creates cross cultural communication issues. Next is the dimension of masculinity that refers to the characteristics of the society and the factors that motivates the society to work. The societies with high masculinity nature believe in competition, achievement and success while the society with feminist characteristics believes in quality of life (Mazanec, 2015). China scores 66 and Australia scores 61 in this context. This suggests that there is slight difference and both the societies are masculine in characters. This suggests that the people gets motivate when they feel competition and they wants to have success at cost of losing their quality of life. Another important dimension that is included by Hofstede in its model is uncertainty avoidance. It is the aspect that focuses in the ways in which the society deals with the unknown future. The scoring in this aspect is related to the extent to which the society or the people of the country feel threatened of the unambiguous situations in the future. With the score 30, Chine se are comfortable with the uncertainties are flexible enough to change as per the situations. The Chinese language is also full of ambiguous meanings. It has been analysed that Australia is the country that scores 51 in this context. This suggests that they are in the middle of the situation and the society in Australia may or may not be threatened from the uncertanities.it depends the situations and the individualistic nature of the organisations or the person (Bhakta, 2016). The next dimension is related to the type of approach followed by the companies and the society. The long terms orientations the approach where the society believes in linking with the past and historical beliefs for facing the challenges in present and future while the societies with short term orientation believes in dealing with the things that runs for shirt term and do not relate the past and the present. The score of china that is 87 suggests that the society in China is very much focused on their long term orientation and also believes in following their traditional practices and rules and regulation for present and future issues. They think about the future and keep the futuristic approach to work (Minkov, 2017). On the other hand Australians believe in short term approach and thus believes in getting quick results. The last one is the dimension of indulgence that deals with the extent to which the people tries to control their desires. China is the society that is considered as Restrained because of the low score that is 24. Societies with a low score in this dimension have an affinity to suspicion and pessimism. Also, in contrast to Indulgent societies, restrained societies do not put much stress on relaxation time and control the fulfilment of their desires. People with this orientation have the insight that their actions are controlled by communal norms and feel that coddling themselves is rather wrong. As per the discussion above, it has been analysed that there are four dimensions in which the Australian culture is very different from the Chinese culture and thus Mary has to take initiatives to deal with these differences as lot of cross culture miscommunication can emerged out of the interaction of a Chinese businessman to the Australian businessman (Zhao, Kwon and Yang, 2016). The major miscommunication can be because of the language. Language always is the biggest issue when cross cultural communication comes in picture. It has been realised that Chinese is the language that is full of ambiguity in its meaning and thus Mary not only have to learn the language but also have to learn about the perception of the Chinese people. Cross cultural communication issues also develops when the people have different approaches towards their work (Deresky, 2017). As Chinese people have long term orientation while Australian have short term orientation and thus Mary have to make the things a ccordingly. She has to show the business long term objectives to the Chinese business man rather than short term goals. As far as Chinese business etiquettes are considered it has been observed that Chinese business men are very much concerned about the way people greet and the way the meeting starts. It has been recommended to Mary that she should prepare everything and develop a plan before conduction of the meetings (Islam, 2017). It is required to learn some of the words in Chinese as it is appreciated by the Chinese business people. As discussed in the power distance section that Chinese has unequal power distribution and it is accepted by the people there while Mary is from the country where the power distance score is very low that is in Australia. Thus, it is required by Mary to develop that understating and at the time of meeting it is required by her to enter as per the hierarchical position with her colleagues. Another major thing that needs to be considered is to create an impression (Triandis, 2018). Recommendations: The Chinese people believe in building relationship with the clients and this Mary should try to develop a positive and trust worthy relationship with the Chinese people. It has been also been observed that the society of Chinese people are collectivist in nature and thus Mary, who belongs to the society with individualistic nature have to develop the strategies and the activities that involves the team and the goals of the business proposal should provide the mutual concern for the business and the employees (Weller, 2018). The first meeting for the business should be initiated with short conversation and many meetings should be conducted after the first meeting to ensure that the relationship can be developed and maintained so that the deal can be finalised easily (Luthans and Doh, 2018). As Mary is in Food business thus, she has to propose the business in such a way so that it is portrayed as related to the Chinese cuisine. This is the only strategy to attract the Chinese business man as they may look for localisation in the food materials. Thus, it has been recommended to Mary that she should follow the above discussed practices in order to have successful meeting. This discussion concludes that cross cultural communication cannot be maintained so easily and thus individuals like Mary has to make the efforts in order to make face these challenges by understating the basis of another culture that differs from pace to place. References: Bhakta, V., Lee, A., Kaye, W., Blanchard, C., Trivedi, H., Galceran, A. And Steinberg, H., 2016, January. Supply chain management: customer service hofstede's cultural dimensions in china, japan, the usa. InAllied Academies International Conference. Academy of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues. Proceedings(Vol. 20, No. 1, p. 1). Jordan Whitney Enterprises, Inc. Deresky, H., 2017.International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India. Islam, T., 2017. Practices of Cross-Cultural Etiquette and Communication in Global Business-A Conceptual Analysis on Managing Corporate Expansion: A Review Study.J Bus Fin Aff,6(280), pp.2167-0234. Kinloch, P. And Metge, J., 2014.Talking past each other: problems of cross cultural communication. Victoria University Press. Kreuz, R.J. and Roberts, R.M., 2017.Getting Through: The Pleasures and Perils of Cross-Cultural Communication. MIT Press. Luthans, F. And Doh, J.P., 2018.International management: Culture, strategy, and behavior. Mcgraw-Hill. Mazanec, J.A., Crotts, J.C., Gursoy, D. And Lu, L., 2015. Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation.Tourism Management,48, pp.299-304. Minkov, M., 2017. A revision of Hofstedes model of national culture: old evidence and new data from 56 countries.Cross Cultural Strategic Management. Triandis, H.C., 2018.Individualism and collectivism. Routledge. Oxon. Weller, R.P., 2018.Alternate civilities: Democracy and culture in China and Taiwan. Routledge. Zhao, H.Y., Kwon, J.W. and Yang, O.S., 2016. Updating Hofstede's Cultural Model and Tracking Changes in Cultural Indices. Zhao, M. And Tam, K.Y.B., 2015, July. The need for effective cross-cultural communication in creative industries: Two case studies. InInnovation in Design, Communication and Engineering: Proceedings of the 2014 3rd International Conference on Innovation, Communication and Engineering (ICICE 2014), Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China, October 17-22, 2014(p. 229). CRC Press

9 Great Excuses for Missing Work

9 Great Excuses for Missing Work There are tons of valid excuses  for missing work. But it’s not foolproof†¦there are also tons of reasons that are totally not valid, and will likely earn you a trip to the professional dog house. 1. Valid excuse: You’re sick.Invalid excuse: You’re sick with a fever whose only cure is more cowbell.2. Valid excuse: There’s been a death in your family.Invalid excuse: There’s been a death on your favorite TV show.3. Valid excuse: You’re having a personal emergency.Invalid excuse: You’re having a fashion emergency.4. Valid excuse: You fell and injured yourself.Invalid excuse: †¦Running for the ice cream truck. (Just leave that part out.)5. Valid excuse: You’re celebrating a religious holiday.Invalid excuse: Your â€Å"religious holiday† is corroborated only by a weirdly sparse Wiki page that was updated last by someone with your usual screen name.6. Valid excuse: You’re having a childcare crunch.Invalid exc use: You’re having drama because you’re out of Cap’n Crunch.7. Valid excuse: You’re getting married.Invalid excuse: A royal is marrying that beautiful commoner who totally could have been you if only you’d been able to afford that spring break in Luxembourg.8. Valid excuse: The weather is bad, and so are the roads you’d be commuting on.Invalid excuse: Your psychic told you it might snow this afternoon. (And it’s June.)9. Valid excuse: You need a mental health day.Invalid excuse: Your pet needs you at home while he works through some personal issues.

Case Study Make Green Delicious Essay Example

Case Study Make Green Delicious Essay Example Case Study Make Green Delicious Essay Case Study Make Green Delicious Essay - A. - Introduction/Statement of the Problem: As the executive director of the National Hockey League Players’ Association (NHLPA), Bob Goodenow is faced with the issue of developing a communications strategy for the NHLPA. It must establish a strong bargaining stance for the players that effectively communicate their position on the salary cap issue, while also retain the loyalty of hockey fans. B. - Analysis: The current Collective Bargaining Agreement includes a limited salary cap and entry-level salary cap, and expires September 15th, 2004. It is no longer successful at controlling rapid growth in player salaries and forming a direct link between salary growth and league revenues. The Unified Report of Operations claims that the majority of NHL teams have lost money in recent years. Owners believe that there are â€Å"major deficiencies in the current contract that has led to significant financial losses and a competitive imbalance. Smaller teams can’t compete with larger teams; therefore the league can’t be competitive. There is a transition from a local market to a league-wide market, so players’ salaries are escalating to levels that are unsustainable. Entry-level salary caps are ineffective due to signing bonuses. The NHL revenue growth equals 173%, while the players’ salary growth equals 261% over the term of the CBA. The players’ salaries account for 75% of NHL revenues, which is much higher than other sports. Owners believe a mechanism is needed to control player salaries and tie them to revenues. Players question the validity of the financial information, URO, and Levitt Report. Players argue against the proposed solutions and say free market forces should determine players’ salaries. There is no validity in the owners’ financial statements, which may support that the lack of revenues is due to poor business decisions, not high player salaries. C. - Alternatives: A) Strategy that focuses on the players’ current stance on the salary cap, using free market forces, questionable financial validity, and poor business decisions as their platforms for gaining the media and the fans support. B) Strategy that emphasizes on the lack of financial transparency of the NHL and its owners that has led a delayed agreement. C) Continue with the current communications strategy. D. - Recommendation: Bob is recommended to choose alternative A and pursue a communications strategy, which emphasizes the NHL players’ current position on the proposed salary cap. E. - Implementation Plan: Bob should begin by clearly establishing the players’ values and goals in regards to the negotiation and how he intends on communicating them to reach the fans. This would involve taking the players’ stance on the salary cap and communicating it consistently through the NHLPA’s website, players’ personal social media, radio interviews, etc. It would include reasoning to support the players’ position, such as the lack of transparency and validity in financial information presented by the NHL owners, as well as the importance of free markets in the determination of salaries. By using the players as a source of free media and publicity, the NHLPA can emphasize their position and sympathize with the fans and their common love for the game. Here, the players can explain that a salary cap would essentially be equal to a salary cut for players. This is something that nobody would agree with if it came to their own job, whether they are rich or poor. By effectively communicating the players’ stance on the proposed salary cap to the fans and public, the NHLPA can gain a favourable bargaining position over the NHL owners for the upcoming negotiations in September 2004. It will also help retain fan loyalty to the NHL and its organizations, which is a common interest for both parties.

Introspection of Faith in the Act of Terrorism Assignment

Introspection of Faith in the Act of Terrorism - Assignment Example The September 2011 bombing of World Trade Center marked a climatic event in history. Al Qaeda, the Islamic terrorist group, achieved worldwide fame upon its linkage to the bombings (Farmer, 2003). The loss of lives in the attack induced American patriotism and the need to eradicate terrorism. It paved the way for urgent and extensive means in combating terrorism. In spite of the negativity and rage in which the world perceived the attacks, Al Qaeda saw it in a contradictory perspective. For the members of Al Qaeda, there is global declension and there is a need to put today’s society into complete demise (Farmer, 2003). The death of the people who they deem as ‘evil’ is a triumphant moment for Al Qaeda. According to them, they are acting to please their God by eliminating America which they deem as the â€Å"evil power† . On the other hand, although Islam is the most associated religion in terrorism, there are also terrorist groups claiming their values are based on Christianity. One of these is the Ku Klux Clan. The original aim upon the founding of the group is severely deviated from the deeds they performed. From the playful acts and practical jokes in the 1800’s, Ku Klux Clan became one of the notorious racist and moralist groups in history (Farmer, 2003). They argued that white people are superior and that they are true descendants fitted to inherit the kingdom of God (Farmer, 2003). Consequently, black people and those who do not meet their moral criteria are labeled as targets.

Health Safety and Security Practices Assignment

Health Safety and Security Practices - Assignment Example Belonging is all about having a relationship that is secure or having a connection with the customers, as well as the working staffs. In a salon, having the security of belonging is important in maintaining a good relationship with other people in the working environment. It is also important in boosting individuals self-esteem making one has the courage to do his or her job perfectly. Therefore, in any working environment, the sole priority of the leader is to encourage and ensure that all the working staffs develop a sense of security to avoid any misunderstanding and quarrels. Additionally, one should ensure that the client belongings are safe and secure. Prior to hanging any coats, counterchecking the pockets remain vital, remove all the important items and keep them in a safe place. In a salon, there are different types of solid as well as liquid wastes that require safe disposal. By disposing of the materials safely, the environment will be protected from causing any potential harm. In disposing of the materials, salon policies for hazardous wastes and management must be followed correctly. All the sharp materials in the salon such as needles and pins should be safely be disposed of in sharp boxes. The dilute chemicals should be disposed of in running water. The single used items such as gloves should be disposed of in peddle bins. Finally, the materials that can be recycled are put in recycled empties for decontamination and drying. Before an emergency occurs, ensure that the emergency equipment is in place and working. The first aid box should contain all the needed materials that will be used in an event of an emergency. The fire extinguishers should be in a strategic location where it can be accessed and in a working condition. In a case of an emergency, call the ambulance and the fire extinguishers. Inform all the people to go to fire assembly points.

Development, Features and Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

Development, Features and Treatment of Acne Vulgaris Millions of people worldwide suffer from acne vulgaris. Acne vulgaris is classified as inflammation of the skin and the appearance of blemishes. With a large variety of acne treatments, it can be hard to know where to start. From home remedies to prescribed medications, it is common for individuals to have trouble with finding the right treatment. Acne vulgaris is treatable with a number of methods, but it is important to understand that the successful eradication of acne vulgaris is specific to the individuals skin. The development of acne is a disorder of the sebaceous glands. The development of acne begins at the cellar level where the hair follicle is blocked. The hair follicle is an opening in the skin which hair and sebum reach the skins surface. The hair follicle and the sebaceous gland is where acne begins to form. This process may go wrong for those who have acne and the dead skin cells and oil are not cleared out of the pore properly. (Mayo Clinic, 2015) The sebum and dead skin cells become trapped in the follicle. This debris that is trapped in the follicle blocks the pore opening. The blockage is a called a comedo, a clogged hair follicle in the skin. The blockage invites Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a bacterium that causes the inflammation of acne breakouts. The comedo creates an environment that lacks oxygen in the follicle. This environment is favored by P. acnes that will thrive and grow out of control in the follicle. The follicle will continue to fill up with sebum, dead skin cells, and bacteria and it will start to swell up. White blood cells go to fight the bacteria in your pores. Redness, swelling, and pus is created forming a pimple. There are multiple things that cause acne. First, there are overactive sebaceous glands. The sebaceous glands are responsible for creating sebum and oil that are needed for the skins surface. People who are prone to acne have sebaceous glands that create more sebum than what is needed. The excess oil in the hair follicle will create a blockage in the pore and becomes a comedo. (Web MD, 2015) This is what creates the environment that invites Propionibacterium acnes to grow. Second cause of acne is the abnormal shedding of the skin cells. The epidermis, the top layer of your skin, is always shedding dead skin cells. This natural process of exfoliation is called desquamation. Skin cells travel through the epidermis until they reach the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, where they will fall out and become replaced by newer skin cells below. Desquamation goes wrong with those who have acne and cells are produced faster than normal and the skin cells wont shed and will get trapped in the follicle. The third cause is the proliferation of bacteria in your skin. The most common bacterium that is found in your skin is Propionibacterium. This bacterium grows out of control in those with acne. P. acnes thrives in your pores that are blocked because of the lack of oxygen. P. acnes digest the oil that is trapped in the pores of your skin and produces a fatty acid waste. The waste will irritate your skin that causes the redness and inflammation. P. acnes is antibiotic resistant and cannot be washed away. However, there are treatments available that can help you treat and get rid of the bacteria in your skin. There are other factors that cause acne outside of your body. For example, hormones enlarge the pores and increase the rate of sebum production that can cause clogging. There are many different kinds of acne that you can get. These include: whiteheads, blackheads, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. Whiteheads, in appearance, are exactly how they are sound. This type of acne has a white head on the surface of your skin. This is caused by sebum and dead skin cells that are blocking your hair follicles. Sebum production and dead skin cell exfoliation is natural for your skin and is needed to keep your skin healthy. However, if this process goes wrong, then that is when you risk getting clogged pores because excess oil and dead skin cells will get trapped and accumulate. Blackheads are relatively similar to whiteheads and also look exactly how they sound. Blackheads are also classified as comedones and look like black dots on the surface of your skin. (Acne, 2015) However, whiteheads are closed in the pores of your skin and blackheads are open. This gives the blackheads appearance. Blackheads are formed when the blockage that is trapped inside the p ore becomes oxidized. Papules are essentially a level higher than a whitehead that has been inflamed. A papule contains bacteria, sebum, and dead skin cells similar to the whitehead, but it does not contain pus. It is set apart from whiteheads by inflammation and redness. Pustules are similar to papules, but contain pus. Pustules are small round lesions appearing whitish on the center because of the pus. Nodes and cysts are similar to each other in terms of acne types. Nodules are severely inflamed and large lesions on the deep layers of the skin. Cysts are smaller and softer pus-filled lesions. These two types of acne can occur together, creating nodular cystic acne, or independently. These types of acne begin as papules and pustules and become nodes/cysts when they become irritated. This causes them to go deeper into the skin and produce pus. Many treatments and medications to treat acne vulgaris can be bought over the counter. Over-the-counter medications and treatments are also known as OTCs. These medications and treatments do not require a prescription issued by a doctor. Treatments that can be readily obtained are known to treat mild to moderate acne. Common over the counter treatments can take the form of lotions, gels, and washes.ÂÂ   Common bases of over the counter acne vulgaris treatments include benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and alpha hydroxy acids. Alpha hydroxy acids include glycolic acid and lactic acid. Benzoyl peroxide is the most common over the counter acne medication. (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015)ÂÂ   Benzoyl peroxide is found in a variety of gels, lotions, and soaps. Benzoyl peroxide has drying qualities, which removes excess oil and dirt. Benzoyl peroxide also is effective at eradicating bacteria, which often lead to the formation of acne vulgaris. Due to its drying and cleansing properties, benzoyl peroxide also unclogs pores. Side effects of benzoyl peroxide may include rare allergic reactions, redness, dryness, and scaling of the skin. Salicylic acid is another over the counter acne medication that is used often. Salicylic acid is only available in concentrations of 0.5 to 5 percent. Salicylic acid is used primarily as a topical gel or cream that is applied to effected areas several times a day. Salicylic acid works by preventing the clogging of pores. Side effects that may occur with the use of salicylic acid include redness, dryness, and irritation. The most popular alpha hydroxy acids include glycolic acid and lactic acid. Although there are other hydroxyl acids, those acids havent proven to be as effective. Alpha hydroxy acids are synthetic acids that would normally be derived from milk and fruit sugars. Hydroxy acids work by removing the dead layer of skin cells on the top of the epidermis. Hydroxy acids do not remove the epidermis, but they do remove the first layer. Hydroxy acids also stimulate the production of new skin, which then leads to smoother, calmer acne. The two side effects of hydroxyl acids are s un sensitivity and irritation. Sulfur, another base of over the counter treatments, is especially effective at eradicating P. acnes bacterium. The P. acnes bacterium is known to have started developing antibacterial resistance. Sulfur is often combined with other acne-eradicating ingredients. Sulfur is known to dry the skin and cause it to peel off; this is helpful in terms of removing excess odor and preventing the clogging of pores. When over the counter methods of treatment do not work well, it is recommended to then visit a dermatologist. Dermatologists will properly access acne and prescribe a treatment. The three main fields of prescription treatments include topical methods, oral methods, and treatment-based methods. There is a very large variety of prescription treatments available. Although these treatments cannot be readily obtained, they are proven to be more potent and concentrated than over the counter methods. The most common topical treatments for prescription medications are retinoids, antibiotics, and dapzone. Retinoids come in the form of creams and gels. Retinoids work by preventing the plugging of hair follicles. Retinoids are derived from vitamin A and they come in many different types. Although they all serve the same purpose, retinoids include tazarotene, adapalene, and tretinoin. Antibiotics are used as topical ointments and creams to kill the bacteria inside of acne. Dapsone is also an effective topical treatment because in addition to an antibiotic, dapsone effectively works to kill bacteria and reduce inflammation. Other prescribed treatment methods are oral drugs. Oral drugs include oral antibiotics, oral contraceptives, anti-androgen agents, and isotretinoin. Oral antibiotics have a direct effect on acne by reducing inflammation and killing bacteria on the skins surface. (Mayo Clinic, 2015) Some individuals cannot be treated with antibiotics because they may have built up a tolerance to antibiotics. Doctors may also be concerned with prescribing antibiotics to treat acne because the antibiotics may be used for months, or even years. The usage of antibiotics for a prolonged period of time is likely to develop antibiotic resistance in that individual. Common antibiotics prescribed for acne include doxycycline, limecycline, minocycline, erythromycin, trimethroprim, and cortimoxazalone. Oral contraceptives are also used in women to help reduce acne. Oral contraceptives include hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, which balances out the amount of androgen produced in the body. Anti-androge n oral pills may also be prescribed to limit the amount of androgen produced in the body. Isotretinoin is often the last resort for acne treatments because it is a pill that may cause major side effects. Although isotretinoin is very effective, it does require close monitoring by the doctor. Isotretinoin is only prescribed when all other treatment methods have failed. Women that are prescribed this treatment are required to first take part in a Food and Drug Administration monitoring program. Many other treatments prescribed by the doctor are therapies. Therapies include light therapy, which targets bacteria in the skin that cause inflammation. Chemical peels may also be conducted in a doctors office. Chemical peels are acids applied to the skin that help with the eradication of bacteria on skin.ÂÂ   Steroids can also be injected in to nodular and cystic acne to improve appearance. With the injection of steroids, extraction of the cysts and nodules is not necessary. While treating acne, an emerging problem is antibiotic resistance in acnes. The Propoinibacterium found in P. acnes, is a slow growing, thick-walled bacteria that exhibits antibiotic resistance. To treat these types of acnes, doctors must turn to other methods of treatment besides antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance in P. acnes raises concern because it is quite possible that other bacterium may begin to show similar properties. P. Acnes bacterial resistance is common in people treated with antibiotics for acne, and the resistance can spread to their family members and neighbors. (Ngan, 2014) As described above, many methods for acne suppression are available. Although many methods are available, it is important to note that not all treatments are equal in terms of effectiveness and that treatment is individualistic. When choosing an acne treatment method, it is important to know which kind of acne needs to be treated, and how severe it is. Mild to moderate cases of acne vulgaris are commonly successfully treated with over the counter treatments, and severe acne vulgaris is often treated with the help of a medical professional. According to dermatologists, all acne vulgaris is believed to be treatable after proper assessment and examination of the affected individual. Bibliography M. (2015, January 20). Acne Causes. Retrieved January 19, 2017, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/basics/causes/con-20020580 M. (2015, January 20). Acne Treatments and drugs. Retrieved January 19, 2017, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/basics/treatment/con-20020580 M. (2015, July 09). Over-the-counter acne products: What works and why. Retrieved January 18, 2017, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/in-depth/acne-products/art-20045814 Which birth control pills can help reduce acne? (2013, January 30). Retrieved January 19, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072393/ Writer, S. (2017, January 11). Different Types of Acne | Learn What Acne Type you Have. Retrieved January 19, 2017, from http://www.acne.com/types-of-acne/acne-signs/